吉林省玉米田杂草组成及其群落特征

Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Weeds in Maize Fields in Jilin Province

摘要:

为明确吉林省玉米田杂草种类及群落结构，采用倒置“W”9点取样法对省内各地区玉米田杂草进行调查，并进行物种多样性分析及聚类分析。结果表明，吉林省玉米田发现杂草64种，隶属于18科50属，其中禾本科种类最多，有11属17种，稗草、马唐、狗尾草、苘麻、藜、野黍、酸模叶蓼这7种杂草是吉林省玉米田的优势杂草。区域性优势杂草有6种，常见杂草有10种，一般杂草有26种。根据丰富度指数、香农指数、辛普森指数、均匀度指数分析可知，长春地区杂草丰富度、均匀度指数最高，白城地区最低。吉林中部杂草群落多样性最高，吉林西部地区杂草物种优势集中度最高。通过聚类分析发现，玉米田杂草群落结构与地理位置、气候环境、种植模式等因素密切相关。

Abstract:

In order to clarify the weed species and community structure of maize fields in Jilin Province, the inverted “W” nine-point sampling method was used to investigate the weeds in cornfields in various areas of the province, and species diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed. The results showed that 64 species of weeds were found in the cornfields of Jilin Province, belonging to 18 families and 50 genera, among which the grasses were the most numerous, with 11 genera and 17 species. Echinochloa, Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Chenopodium album, Eriochloa villosa and Persicaria lapathifolia were the dominant weeds in the maize fields of Jilin Province, and there were 6 regional dominant weeds, 10 common weeds and 26 general weeds. According to the analysis of richness index, Shannon index, Simpson index and evenness index, it was found that the weed richness and evenness index were highest in Changchun area, and the lowest was in Baicheng area;the diversity of weed community was the highest in central Jilin, and the species dominance concentration was the highest in western Jilin area. Cluster analysis revealed that the weed community structure in cornfields was closely related to geographic location, climatic environment, cropping pattern, and other factors.