2009-2023年江苏省审定玉米品种特征特性及产量性状分析

Analysis of Major Characters and Yeild of Approved Maize Varieties in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2023

摘要:

玉米是江苏省主要粮食作物之一，为初步探明江苏省普通玉米审定品种的特征特性及其演变规律，本研究以2009-2023年通过江苏省审定的普通玉米品种为材料，分析了历年审定情况、主要农艺性状、品质性状、产量性状及其相关性，结果表明：近15年间，江苏省审定105个普通玉米品种，这些品种由省内外39家科研单位和种业公司育成，种业公司育成品种占比63.81%。不同年份间，审定品种的产量、千粒重、穗行数、容重、全生育期、出籽率、株高呈显著或极显著呈上升趋势，粗脂肪含量呈极显著下降趋势，其他性状基本保持稳定。江苏省审定品种的平均产量水平达586.72 kg/666.7 m2，淮南春播组和淮北夏播组审定品种的产量水平相当，但淮南春播组审定品种的全生育期、倒伏倒折率、粗蛋白、赖氨酸极显著高于淮北夏播组，而穗长、容重、粗淀粉、千粒重显著或极显著低于淮北夏播组。相关性分析表明，产量依次与株高、出籽率、千粒重、穗行数、穗位、容重、行粒数、穗长呈显著或极显著正相关，与粗脂肪含量呈极显著负相关。本研究在更好了解江苏已审定玉米品种特征特性的基础上，进一步指导农业生产中对新品种的推广应用，同时对未来优良玉米新品种选育方向提供信息参考。

Abstract:

Maize is one of the main grain crops in Jiangsu Province. In order to preliminarily explore the characteristics and evolution rules of the common maize varieties approved in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2023, the common corn varieties approved in Jiangsu province were taken as materials in this study, and the certification status, main agronomic traits, quality traits, yield traits and their correlation were analyzed. The results showed as following: In the past 15 years, 105 common corn varieties were approved in Jiangsu province, which are bred by 39 scientific research institutions and seed companies, among which the varieties bred by seed companies accounted for 63.81%. In different years, the yield, 1000-kernel weight, kernel row number, volume weight, developmental stage, kernel ratio and plant height of the approved varieties showed a significant or extremely significant increasing trend, while the fat concentration showed a very significant decreasing trend, and other traits remained basically stable. The average yield level of the certified varieties in Jiangsu was 586.72 kg/666.7m2, and the yield level presented no diffidence between Huainan spring maize area and Huaibei summer maize area. However, the value of developmental stage, lodging ratio, protein concentration, lysine concentration in Huainan spring maize area were significant higher than those in Huaibei summer maize area, while the value of ear length, volume weight, starch concentration, 1000-kernel weight were significant lower. Correlation analysis showed that maize yield was significantly positively correlated with plant height, kernel ratio, 1000-kernel weight, kernel row number, ear height, volume weight, kernel number per row and ear length, while significantly negatively correlated with fat concentration. On the basis of better understanding the characteristics of approved maize varieties in Jiangsu, this study was aimed at further guiding the new varieties promotion and application in agricultural production, and providing reference information for the future breeding direction of excellent new maize varieties.