脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥对春玉米农田氨排放的影响

Effect of Urease/Nitrification Inhibitor Combined Application of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Ammonia Emission from Spring Corn Farmland

摘要:

通过两年田间定位试验，探讨脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥在黑土区玉米体系中的氨减排及氮素增效效果。设置两种耕作模式（条耕和旋耕）和3种氮肥类型（常规尿素、添加脲酶抑制剂尿素、添加硝化抑制剂尿素）。结果表明，条耕产量和氮素利用率分别为8 631 hm²和33.4%，明显低于旋耕；氨挥发总量为20.6 hm²，明显高于旋耕。脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥的产量和氮素利用率分别为10 737 hm²和46.0%，较常规尿素分别提高25.6%和23.6%；土壤氨挥发累积量为18.6 hm²，明显低于常规尿素。抑制剂类型显著影响氨排放，添加脲酶抑制剂尿素低于添加硝化抑制剂尿素。相同氮素投入条件下，添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂尿素在土壤条耕和旋耕模式下均可实现增产增效及氨减排效果，且添加脲酶抑制剂尿素具有较好的氨减排效果。

Abstract:

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of urease/nitrification inhibitor combined application of nitrogen fertilizers on ammonia emission reduction and nitrogen efficiency in maize cropping system in the black soil area. In this study two tillage modes and three types of nitrogen fertilizer were set up:strip tillage and conventional rotary tillage, conventional urea, urea with urease inhibitor and urea with nitrification inhibitor. The results showed that the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the strip tillage were 8631 kg/ha and 33.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than rotary tillage. The total ammonia volatilization in strip tillage was 20.6 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that in the rotary tillage. The yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the urease/nitrification inhibitor combined application of nitrogen fertilizers were 10 737 kg/ha and 46.0%, respectively. Ammonia volatilization accumulation was 18.6 kg/ha, which was significantly lower than that of conventional urea(30.4 kg/ha). The type of inhibitor significantly affected the ammonia emission, that with urease inhibitor urea, which is significantly lower than that with nitrification inhibitor urea. In summary, under the same nitrogen input conditions, add urease/nitrification inhibitor urea can achieve the effect of increasing production, increasing efficiency and reducing ammonia emission in soil strip tillage and rotary tillage modes, and the addition of urease inhibitor urea has a better ammonia emission reduction effect.