1979～2020年我国玉米品种审定情况回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of Approved Maize Varieties in China from 1979 to 2020

摘要:

1979～2020年全国31个玉米品种审定委员会累计审定玉米新品种17 127（个）次，去除同一品种不同省份重复审定，统计得到14 121个审定品种。郑单958、中单9409等7个品种审定10次以上；山东登海种业股份有限公司、北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心等6个单位审定品种超过100个；昌7-2、吉853等5个自交系育成超过50个审定品种；郑单958、中单2号等34个品种累计推广面积超过266.67×10⁴ hm²；郑单958、会单4号等6个品种推广年限超过20年。分析表明，我国玉米品种审定数量与种业政策密切相关，企业逐渐成为玉米商业化育种的主体，玉米育种的“卡脖子”问题在于优异种质资源相对匮乏。

Abstract:

A total of 17 127 maize varieties were approved by the 31 maize variety approval committees in China from 1979 to 2020 and its number was reduced to 14 121 after the removal of the repeatedly approved varieties. Over the past 40 years, seven maize varieties(Zhengdan958, Zhongdan9409, etc.) were succeeded to get past the examination and approval for more than 10 times. The approved number of maize varieties was greater than 100 in six of different maize breeding institutes(Shandong Denghai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Corn Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, etc.). Chang 7-2, Ji 853, Dan 598, Dan 340, and Ye 478 were the five most widely used inbred lines and more than 50 approved varieties were bred by each of them. The number of maize varieties planted larger than 266.67×10⁴ ha(Accumulative extension area) and longer than 20 years were 34(Zhengdan958, Zhongdan2, etc.) and 6(Zhengdan958, Huidan4, etc.), respectively. These observations highlight the close relationship of the approved number with the seed industry policy and the importance of enterprises on maize commercial breeding. In addition, the lack of core germ plasm resources is the bottleneck of maize breeding and the maize variety approval system is expected to be optimized in the future.